NYU Media Research Lab

General numerical method for characterizing
multi-photon absorbing materials against
high-intensity lasers

Teapot: the same mesh but with discontinuous normal-mapping

Recent decades of successful development of materials which exhibit optical nonlinearity under low-to-high intensity irradiation made a huge impact on virtually all industries involved in research, development, and manufacturing optics-related products. Nowadays, nonlinear materials are heavily used in developing medical diagnostic tools, effective treatments for a number of cancer diseases, optical limiters, biological detectors, 3D microfabrication, fluorescent imaging system, and optical storage.

Within such a fast growing area, we are working on designing and implementing general numerical techniques which will significantly reduce a typically long development-manufacturing cycle of new nonlinear materials. The core of the current numerical model and software is a numerical solver of a coupled system of nonlinear PDEs which describes a propagation of an unguided electromagnetic field through the nonlinear materials. By using "basic absorption diagrams", we proposed a systematic way of describing all the materials which optical responses can be characterized by our solver. We call them "generic materials".

The main feature of the current model is that there are no restrictions on a type of the absorption which a given generic material exhibits. Our model allows attributing single- or multi-photon absorption/relaxation virtually to any energy level of the material's molecule. This makes possible to apply the same numerical algorithm for variety of generic materials which otherwise will require a specialized software for each particular nonlinear material.

The primal goal of this project is to better formalize the set of generic materials and to significantly extend the current mathematical model to encompass a majority of existing nonlinear materials which exhibit variety of different optical phenomena besides multi-photon absorption.

Current features of our theoretical model and software include:
  • radially-dependent numerical solution of coupled system of rate-propagation equations which describes unguided electromagnetic field propagation through multi-photon absorbers;
  • numerical scheme is stable within a large range of incident energy values, including moderate to high intensity lasers, and nanosecond to femtosecond regimes;
  • it takes into account excited-state absorption, ESA;
  • it operates on a wide range of multi-photon absorbers, including by not limited to two-photon absorbers, TPA, and three-photon absorbers, 3PA;
  • complete time-resolved radial-dependent population density analysis;
  • detailed analysis of contribution of every energy level to the total absorption;


E. Parilov, M. J. Potasek, " Method, system and software arrangement for determining an interaction between a light source and a material", (NYU, filed US patent application, 11/559,093 11/2006)

E. Parilov, M. J. Potasek, " Generalized theoretical treatment and numerical method of time-resolved radially-dependent laser pulses interacting with multi-photon absorbers", (Journal of the Optical Society of America B, Vol. 23, No. 9, pp. 1894-1910, 09/2006)

Here is an example of how a set of basic absorption diagrams B0-B4 is used for describing a nonlinear material AF455: by using a simple "arithmetic" on diagrams B0-B4 one can form a coupled system of rate-propagation equations which model the propagation of a laser pulse through a sample of AF455 (look at "System of rate equations" below); by using the same "arithmetic" but now replacing a sign "+" to a union sign "U", one can describe the energy level diagram in terms of basic absorption diagrams which are atomic pieces of the entire diagram (look at "Combined diagram" below).

One can think of AF455 now as a point in {0,1}5 space with coordinates (0,1,1,1,0). In the same way, RSA material C60 has coordinates  (1,1,1,0,0), and 3PA material PPAI has coordinates (0,0,0,0,1). The main feature of our model is that all these materials, and many others which can be represented as a point in this {0,1}5 space, can be characterized by the same robust numerical algorithm (more details are in JOSAB-06 paper).
 

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x x x x x
0 +    1 +    1 +     1 + 0
System of rate equations B1 B2 B3
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Propagation equation        
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x x x x x
0 U     1 U     1 U      1 U  0
Combined diagram

 

      =

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